Tag Archives: Central America

Guatemala Tikal Vista

Guatemala’s Best Mayan Ruins

 

Long before Europeans came to the Americas, the Mayan people lived in grand cities spread across Central America. Lying hidden under jungle growth for centuries, a growing number of these sites have become the focus of ongoing archeological reclamation. Guatemala is home to dozens of ancient cities, including some of the most significant edifices ever erected by the Mayan people. Here are three of the best.

Tikal

Tikal

The Temple of the Grand Jaguar rises above the Grand Plaza at Tikal. This site is Guatemala’s most popular attraction. Photo: Simon Dannhauer/iStock

Once the capital city of a powerful Mayan kingdom, Tikal is now one of the largest and most significant archeological sites in Central America. It is also the region’s most popular tourism destination. The site, which is the centerpiece of a 220-square-mile national park, currently includes more than 3,000 structures from the Classic Mayan period, and excavation is ongoing. Signature landmarks of the site include the Grand Plaza, which is overlooked at opposite ends by the towering Temple of the Grand Jaguar and the Temple of the Masks. Those up to the challenge can tackle the steep stone steps of the pyramids to discover panoramic views from 150 feet above the jungle floor. This vista may evoke a faint sense of deja vu, as it was featured briefly in a wide shot of the rebel base in the original Star Wars. A number of tour companies offer one-day and overnight excursions to Tikal from the nearby lakeside towns of Flores San Andrés, as well as Belize City, Antigua and Guatemala City.

Yaxha

Yaxha

Climbers who negotiate the steep steps of Yaxha’s pyramids are rewarded with a view of the nearby lake of the same name. Photo: iStock

The ruins at Yaxha don’t receive as many visitors as Tikal, but have as much or more to offer in terms of both historic interest and scenic beauty. Rising from the greenery of the Petén jungle, the city’s ceremonial pyramids provide sweeping views of nearby Lake Yaxha. At the height of the Mayan Classical period, this city was a center of both commerce and religion, and its more than 500 remaining structures include palaces, ball courts, temples and a celestial observatory. Fans of the reality show Survivor may recognize this site, as it was the featured setting for the show’s 2005 season. Visits to Yaxha can be staged from many of the same starting points as excursion to Tikal. Some operators bundle visits to both sites into a one-day or multiple- day itinerary, and another favorite add-on is a side trip to the ruins of Topoxte, which lies on an island at the western end of Lake Yaxha.

El Mirador

El Mirador

Earth and jungle still cover much of the ancient city of El Mirador, home to one of the largest pyramids in North America. Photo: Gerad Coles/iStock

Guatemala’s second-largest ancient city is reserved for those with a true sense of adventure—and sturdy walking shoes. Hidden in the rainforest near the Mexican border, El Mirador is one of the earliest known Mayan cities, with pre-Classic ruins dating back as far as 2,000 B.C. Much of this ancient metropolis remains covered in vegetation, but archeologists have reclaimed a number of impressive structures from the enveloping grasp of the jungle, including the 180-foot El Tigre Pyramid and the massive La Danta Pyramid, which at 230 feet is considered one of the largest man-made structures of the ancient world. There are no roads to El Mirador, and therefore no tour buses. Those willing to channel their inner Indian Jones can arrange for four- to seven-day expedition-style tours that begin with a four-wheel-drive ride, followed by a day of hiking or horseback riding through the jungle. An easier though pricier alternative is to charter a helicopter, which will whisk you to the site from the town of Flores in 45 minutes for a private guided tour of the site.

La Amistad Park Waterfall Panama

Tropical Escapes: La Amistad International Park, Panama

 

Covering nearly a million acres, the Amistad International Park is Central America’s largest forest reserve. Straddling the border between Panama and Costa Rica, this World Heritage site includes more than a dozen distinct ecosystems ranging from lowland jungle to cloud forests. Towering over it all are the Talamanca Mountains, which rise to altitudes of more than 12,000 feet. Within the park, stands of both second growth and virgin forest are home to a wide range of indigenous species that includes jaguars, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, monkeys and hundreds of species of birds.

The land is home to native peoples such as the Naso, but also open to visitors, who come to explore by foot an extensive but largely unmarked network of trails. Due to the scope and nature of the park’s trail system, most hikers tour La Amistad in the company of local guides. Among the favorite walks are routes leading to waterfalls along the Canasta River, into the isolated Valley of Silence and up to panoramic views along the Sabanas Esperanzas trail. The park includes several camping sites, and there are a handful of jungle lodges in the area. A long-time favorite is Los Quetzales Ecolodge, which is located just outside the park.

Bocas Del Toro Sunset Panama

Panama Snapshots: Almirante Bay

 

On Panama’s northeastern coast, the sheltered waters of Bahia Almirante separate the mainland from the islands of Bocas Del Toro. In addition to the nine primary islands, this archipelago includes dozens of smaller cays and hundreds of green-clad islets. Some are settled by native fishermen, who inhabit stilt homes built over the water. Others are home to secluded off- grid resorts, where guests immerse themselves in one of the world’s most bio-diverse ecosystems. There are few roads, and small taxi boats connect the islands.

The entire area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as Panama’s first National Marine Park. Though not on the mainstream tourism radar, this area gets its share of adventurous travelers. Some come to surf or dive the reefs, others simply wish to experience nature at its most pristine.

Roatan Bay

Tropical Escapes: Roatan’s Wild Side

 

The Bay Islands of Honduras have long been a destination that operated below the mainstream tourism radar. Tucked into a quiet corner of the Western Caribbean, they were visited primarily by scuba divers, fishermen and the backpack set. That changed when cruise ships started docking at Coxen Hole, transforming the western end of the island of Roatan into a day-trip destination. But for those willing to venture off the pavement, there’s still a wild side to this island.

More than half of Roatan’s rugged, hilly terrain remains in a pristine and natural condition, and the island’s eastern end is largely undeveloped. This area is home to the Port Royal Wildlife Refuge, a 2,000-acre tract of woodlands that provides sanctuary for a variety of native birds and animals. A number of trails give access to the refuge. A favorite is the route to Picacho Peak, which is the highest point on the island. Getting to the reserve will require a rental car or an extended taxi ride.

An alternative would be to base at Paya Bay, which is a small resort that sits on a private peninsula just down from the reserve. This low-key, family- owned property is a favorite with nature lovers, who consider it one of the Caribbean’s hidden gems. The resort staff can provide information on hiking and other activities in the area, or arrange for guide services for those who don’t want to go it alone.

If Roatan’s east end is beyond your comfort range, or if your time on the island is limited, a closer alternative for a nature walk is the Carambola Botanical Gardens, which is located on the island’s northwestern coast at Sandy Bay. At just 40 acres in size, it doesn’t offer the same opportunities for exploration, but it does provide a scenic showcase for the local flora and fauna. Activities include guided tours of the gardens, beach excursions and a trip to the top of Carambola Mountain for some big views of the island. Along the way, you may encounter a troop of playful monkeys and a variety of bird species.

costa rica waterfalls, llano de cortes

Costa Rica Waterfalls: Llanos del Cortez, Bagaces, Costa Rica

 

Costa Rica’s Llanos del Cortez has all the elements you look for in a tropical waterfall, including lush foliage, a dramatic drop and a pool of cool, clear water at the base that’s perfect for a swim. And there’s one more thing; this waterfall has what many would consider a “just right” location. Getting there doesn’t require a long, arduous hike on muddy or steep jungle paths. But on the other hand, you can’t just step off the tour bus and jump in.

Just west of the town of Bagaces, in the country’s north-central highlands, a bumpy but passible dirt road branches from the Pan American Highway. Unobtrusive signs direct you to a simple parking area, where it is customary to make a small donation that supports local schools. From there, it’s a short but slightly steep walk down the bank to the base of the falls, where you will find a sandy beach and—if you’ve come mid week and mid morning—few other people. The water is refreshing but not cold. You’ll want to swim over to the base of the falls, where you can immerse yourself in the gently falling water, or duck behind the wispy liquid curtain into a cool grotto.

Costa Rica Cloud Forest

Walk This Way: Monteverde Cloud Forest, Costa Rica

 

High in Costa Rica’s Tilaran Mountains, the air is cool and crisp and the trees are laden with bromeliads and shrouded in mist. This is the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, home to jaguars, ocelots and the resplendent quetzal, considered to be the most beautiful bird in the Western Hemisphere.

Nature lovers will be pleased to know that the park provides habitat to over 100 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, 120 species of reptiles and over 3,000 species of plants, including some 500 types of orchids. On all, the preserve supports four different bioclimatic communities.

A highlight of any visit to the preserve is a trek on the Sky Walk. This series of suspension bridges and walking trails allows visitors to witness the complex life of the rainforest canopy at close range. High in the treetops, vines and thick mosses grow among the branches. This is where 90 percent of the area’s biodiversity is found. To give visitors a closer look at this elevated realm, six bridges are strung between towering trees, the longest spanning 984 feet. Down below are over a mile and half of additional trails weaving throughout the verdant jungle growth.

Two-hour tours are offered at scheduled times during the day, with guides on hand to point out native plants and animals. Those wanting to explore on their own can follow maps to observation areas, waterfalls and rivers.

Costa Rica Playa Hermosa

Costa Rica Snapshot: Playa Hermosa, Guanacaste

 

In the northwestern corner of Costa Rica, a trio of scallop-shaped bays open into the Gulf of Papagayo. Each offers a sandy beach, waterfront accommodations and spectacular sunsets, but it is the middle of the three, Playa Hermosa, that is the choice of many in- the-know travelers.

The scene on this mile-long stretch of gray sand is a bit more laid back then that at the flanking beaches of Playa Coco and Playa Panama, and you’ll never have to fight to find room to spread a beach blanket. Calm surf makes it a favorite with swimmers and snorkelers, and the clean waters have earned Hermosa the coveted title of a Blue Flag certified beach.

The beachside town of Hermosa offers a range of accommodations, restaurants, bars and shops. After beach time, there are several national parks nearby including Parque Nacional Palo Verde and Parque Nacional Rincon de la Vieja. Best of all, this is one of the easiest resorts in Costa Rica to reach. Fly into the Liberia International Airport and you can be on the beach at Playa Hermosa in half an hour.

Guatemala Semuc Champey

Guatemala Waterfalls: Discover Semuc Champey

 

In the rugged highlands of central Guatemala, the waters of the Cahabon River flow over a series of limestone ledges that create small waterfalls and clear water pools. This is Semuc Champey, a national monument that has been called one of the most beautiful sites in Central America.

Were it closer to civilization, this aquatic Eden might be overrun by tourists. Instead, it remains the exclusive domain of local villagers and adventurous travelers willing to make an all-day pilgrimage from Guatemala City or Antigua over rough and winding country roads.

In addition to swimming and drifting the river, travelers can set out on scenic hikes through mountain rainforests and explore a spectacular cave system. Near the river are several rustic jungle lodges where one can fall asleep to birdcalls and the sound of flowing water.

Costa Rica Celeste Waterfalls

Costa Rica Waterfalls: Rio Celeste Waterfall

 

At first glance, the impossibly blue waters of the Rio Celeste seem artificial, as if vats of indigo dye were added to the flow. In fact, it is dissolved minerals from volcanic hot springs and boiling mud pots that leach into the water to create this river’s trademark hues.

Flowing from the slopes of the Tenorio Volcano National Park, the Río Celeste snakes and splashes its way down from the highlands and over a waterfall hidden deep in the jungle. Though somewhat remote, this cascade can be reached by an hour’s hike through a verdant rainforest that is home to white-faced monkeys and several hundred species of birds.

Those who do make the trek often reward themselves with a cooling dip in the pool at the base of the falls, perhaps followed by a relaxing soak in one of the natural hot springs found nearby. Tenorio Volcano is a short drive from the La Fortuna resort area, and is considered one of the crown jewels of Costa Rica’s National Park system.

Bocas Del Toro Playa Estrella

Panama’s Starfish Beach at Bocas del Toro

 

Panama’s Bocas del Toro province is a favorite with adventure travelers seeking a more natural take on a Caribbean vacation. The wooded islands surrounding Chiriqui Lagoon are dotted with waterfront lodges ranging from backpacker-friendly hostels to eco-luxe resorts. Travel to the area’s more distant island retreats begins at Bocas Town on Isla Colón. From here, water taxis fan out across the lagoon to more remote locations. But as many savvy travelers know, Isla Colón shouldn’t just be considered a jumping off point. This largest of the northern islands is worthy of exploration, and is ringed by a range of spectacular beaches, some washed in surf, others calm as a millpond.

bocas del toro beach huts

Waterfront dining doesn’t get any closer than this. The calm waters of Panama’s Starfish Beach lap table legs at a small local restaurant located on the north shore of Isla Colon. Photo: iStock

One beach that shouldn’t be missed is Playa Estrella, aka Starfish Beach. Located on the island’s northwestern corner, this scenic white sand beach can be reached by land or sea. From Bocas Town on the island’s southern shore, a roadway cuts through the jungle-clad interior. Adventurous folk can rent bikes and negotiate a few small hills as they cross the island—a trip that will require an hour or more of peddling. An easier option is to hire a taxi or catch the low-cost municipal bus, which runs, between Bocas Town and the small beachfront community at Bocas del Drago. From there, you can hire a water taxi for a ten minute ride to the sheltered bay of Playa Estrella, or you can hoof it along the shoreline, enjoying a pleasant walk of about 25 minutes on a beachside path that may have you wading into the shallows in places, or stepping over a leaning palm tree that stretches seaward. 

Panama Bocas Del Toro

Starfish Beach can also be reached on foot by following a footpath around a point of land from Bocas Del Dragon. The walk, which takes about 20 minutes, hugs the palm-shaded shoreline. Photo: iStock

As you round the final point of land, the bay unfolds before you. Towering palms shade the sand, and a smattering of thatch-roof shelters edge close to the water. Playa Estrella is ideal for swimming or wading, as there are no waves, surge or currents to contend with, and the sea floor is soft sand with no exposed rocks. Wade in and you will likely catch a glimpse of the starfish that give this beach its name. Though they seem to just be lying there, these starfish are actually roaming slowly about the bay, feeding on algae and tiny crustaceans. It’s best to look without touching, but if you can’t resist the urge to bring a starfish up for a photo, make it brief and place the animal back in the water where you found it.

Panama Starfish

The namesake residents of Starfish Beach are found in abundance. It’s usually considered acceptable to lift one from the water for a quick photo, but they should otherwise be left alone. Photo: iStock

On most days, you won’t have Starfish Beach to yourself, but you’ll also never have to content with crowds, as even on the most popular days, you’ll have plenty of elbow room when you stretch a towel on the sand, or set a chair in the shade of a palm. In recent years, several small beachside restaurants have popped up, offering snacks and libations. If swimming with the starfish isn’t enough, you can rent paddleboards, water bikes and kayaks and send the afternoon enjoying the clear waters.